My wildflower collection
History (opens in new window)
notes, comments, disclaimers, etc (at bottom of page)
(perpetually under construction)
# |
Family |
Genus |
Species/Photo |
Comments (common names, etc.) |
|
008 | Typhaceaea | Cattail family - two genera, 51 known species | |||
Typha | largely Northern Hemisphere wetland habitats | ||||
T. latifolia | broadleaf cattail | ||||
013 | Cape-pondweed family, one genus, 56 known species of aquatic plants, | ||||
Aponogeton | native to Africa, south Asia, and naturalized in Australia. some species popular ornamental in water features and garden ponds | ||||
A. distachyus | water hawthorn, vieikos, cape pond weed | ||||
water-plantains |
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Arrohead, duck potato, swamp potato, Wapato |
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S. latifolia |
produces edible tubers that have been extensively used by Native Americans | ||||
015A | Tofieldiaceae | small, herbaceous plants, mostly arctic and subarctic - family established in 1995 | |||
Triantha | False asphodel - Japan and NA. expect ongoing revisions to both genus and family | ||||
T. occidentalis | western false asphodel - reportedly (2021) carnivorous, catching insects with sticky hairs, enzymatic secretions on stem | ||||
sedges, 90 genera, thousands of species | |||||
cottongrasses | |||||
E. scheuchzeri |
Scheuchzer's Cottongrass | ||||
E. angustifolium | common cottongrass | ||||
023 | Araceae | aka Arum family, flowers are spadix form, sometimes with spathe - see Calla-lily | |||
Skunk Cabbages | |||||
L. americanus |
Skunk Cabbage, Western Skunk Cabbage | ||||
028 | Pontederiaceae | tropical and subtropical aquatic plants, 2 genera, 40 species known | |||
Pontederia | pickerel weeds | ||||
P. crassipes | common water hyacinth | ||||
Liliaceae | flower parts arranged in threes, with six petaloid tepals. Leaves linear, veins usually arranged parallel to the edges | ||||
tepals are in two series that differ in size and color. Mariposas, cat's ears, star tulips |
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C. macrocarpus |
Sagebrush mariposa lily, | ||||
Bluebead lilies, and other bead lily - named for distinctive fruit | |||||
C. uniflora |
Bride's bonnet, queen's cup, bead lily | ||||
Fawn Liliy, dog's-tooth violet, adder's tongue, closely related to tulips | |||||
E. grandiflorum |
Glacier Lily, yellow avalanche-lily, yellow fawn-lily | ||||
E. oregonum |
Oregon fawn-lily, Giant white fawn-lily | ||||
Solitary, nodding, bell shaped flowers, bulbs have fleshy scales (please don't go looking for the scales) | |||||
F. affinis |
Chocolate Lily, Checker Lily | ||||
F. atropurpurea |
Spotted mountain lily, spotted fritillary | ||||
F. pudica |
Yellow bells, lemon bell, yellow fritillary | ||||
Large, often fragrant flowers, plants 1-6 feet tall, funnel shaped, wide range of colors | |||||
L. columbianum |
Columbia lily, (calling these a tiger lily is embarrassing to tigers and offensive to leopards) |
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Fairybells, with pendent, or hanging, flowers | |||||
P. hookeri |
Drops of gold, Hooker's fairy bells | ||||
P. smithii |
Largeflower fairybells, fairy lantern, coast fairy bells | ||||
038H | Melanthiaceae | aka bunchflower family, formerly considered part of the lily family, with many similarities. Includes trilliums, beargrass, etc | |||
Toxicoscordion | Death camas - yes, they are poisonous but livestock avoid them because they are unpalatable |
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T. paniculatum | Foothill death camas, sand-corn | ||||
T. venenosum | death camas, meadow death camas | ||||
Trillium | includes wakerobin, toadshade, triflower | ||||
T. ovatum | Pacific trillium, western wakerobin, western trillium | ||||
Veratrum | damp habitats across much of temperate subarctic Europe, Asia, and North America - False hellebores, corn lilies | ||||
V. californicum | California corn lily | ||||
V. viride | Indian poke, corn-lily, Indian Hellebore, false hellebore, green false hellebore, giant false-helleborine | ||||
Xerophyllum | |||||
X. tenax | bear grass, soap grass, quip-quip, Indian basket grass | ||||
040G | Asparagaceae | asparagus family, includes yucca, bluebell, and hosta | |||
Agave | xerophytic succulent | ||||
A. schottii | Schott's century plant | ||||
Brodiaea | Cluster lilies | ||||
B. elegans | Harvest cluster lily, elegant brodiaea, harvest brodiaea |
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Camassia | grows in the wild in great numbers in moist meadows | ||||
C. quamash |
Camas | ||||
Dichelostemma | closely related to Brodiaea | ||||
D. capitatum | Blue dicks | ||||
D. congestum | Ookow, fork-toothed ookow (Possibly a native american word for the plant) | ||||
Leucocrinum | possibly only single species in genus | ||||
L. montanum | Sand lily | ||||
Maianthemum | widespread across N Americ, Asia and Europe. May be terrestrial, aquatic, or epiphytic. | ||||
M. racemosum | false Solomon's seal, Solomon's plume, false spikenard, feathery false lily of the valley, treacleberry | ||||
M. stellatum | star-flowered, starry, or little false Solomon's seal, star-flowered, lily-of-the-valley, or false lily of the valley | ||||
Muscari | grape hyacinths | ||||
M. armeniacum | These may in fact be to different species, and not necessarily the one listed. | ||||
Polygonatum | Solomon's Seal | ||||
P. biflorum |
smooth Solomon's-seal, great Solomon's-seal, Solomon's seal | ||||
Triteleia | Triplet lilies | ||||
T. grandiflora |
largeflower triteleia, largeflower tripletlily, wild hyacinth | ||||
T. hyacinthina | white brodiaea, white tripletlily, hyacinth brodiaea, fool's onion |
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040H | Amaryllidaceae | flowers arranged in umbels on the stem. includes onions, garlic, chives, amaryllis, daffodils, snowdrops | |||
Allium | Onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, leek and chives | ||||
A. acuminatum | taper-tip onion | ||||
A. cernuum | nodding onion | ||||
A. siskiyouense | Siskiyou onion | ||||
A. tolmiei | Tolmie's onion | ||||
A triquetrum | Three-cornered leek, three-cornered garlic, angled onion, onion weed - can become invasive | ||||
040K | Asphodelaceae | aloes, red hot pokers, daylilies | |||
Asphodelus | Native to temperate Europe, Mediterranean, Africa, Middle East, India. No western hemisphere examples | ||||
A. ramosus | branched asphodel |
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044 | Iridaceae | Irises - perennial plants with bulb, corm, or rhizome. Grow erect, grass-like leaves | |||
Iris | your classic irises, flags, bearded iris, etc | ||||
I. missouriensis | Rocky Mountain iris |
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I. tenax | Oregon iris, tough-leaved iris, | ||||
Olsynium | bell shaped, six white, pink or lilac tepals in late winter to spring. South and Western North America | ||||
O. douglasii | Grass widow, Douglas' Olsynium, satin flower, blue-eyed and purple-eyed grass | ||||
Blue-eyed Grass | |||||
S. angustifolium | Blue-eyed Grass, stout blue-eyed grass | ||||
S. idahoense | Idaho blue-eyed grass | ||||
S. montanum | strict blue-eyed grass | ||||
050 | Orchidaceae | ||||
Calypso | A monotypic taxon - only a single species in this genus | ||||
C. bulbosa | Calypso orchid, fairy slipper, Venus's slipper | ||||
Cephalanthera | |||||
C. austiniae | phantom orchid, snow orchid | ||||
Coeloglossum | monotypic | ||||
C. viride | Frog Orchid - species name is also listed as viridis. My source listed it as viride | ||||
Corallorhiza | North American except for C.trifida. Most species are leafless and rootless and believed to be parasitic or relying on mycorrhizal fungi | ||||
C. maculata | spotted coralroot | ||||
Cypripedium | slipper orchids | ||||
C. montanum | mountain lady's slipper | ||||
Dactylorhiza | marsh orchids, spotted orchids, many species in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries are vague | ||||
D. maculata | spotted heath orchid | ||||
D. purpurella | northern marsh orchid | ||||
damp meadows, alpine regions, and on chalk or limestone. Europe and Asia | |||||
G. conopsea | fragrant orchid | ||||
Orchis | mainly Europe, northwest Africa | ||||
O. mascula | early purple orchid | ||||
O. rotundifolia | roundleaf orchid | ||||
Butterfly or fringed orchids | |||||
P. dilatata | white bog orchid | ||||
P. elongata | denseflower rein rochid | ||||
P. sparsiflora | few flowered bog orchid | ||||
P. stricta | slender bog orchid | ||||
Pseudorchis | monotypic - Europe and Northern Asia from Spain and Iceland to Kamchatka, and eastern Canada | ||||
P. albida | small white orchid | ||||
056 | Willow family - willow, poplar, aspen, cottonwood | ||||
Salix | Willows, sallows, and osiers | ||||
S. lanata |
Wolly willow - subarctic species native to Iceland | ||||
069 | Santalaceae | Sandalwood family includes small trees shrubs, herps and epiphytic climbers. Many are parasitic on other plants - mistletoes | |||
Comandra | monotypic | ||||
S. umbellata | bastard toadflax - hemiparasitic, obtains some nutrition through photosynthesis | ||||
074 | Aristolochiaceae | Piperales, medium to large sized bizarre flowers | |||
Asarum | Wild gingers | ||||
A. caudatum | Wild ginger | ||||
077 | Polygonaceae | knotweed, smartweed, buckwheat | |||
Bistorta | Native throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere | ||||
B. bistortoides | American Bistort | ||||
Eriogonum | wild buckwheat - flowers quite variable within each species, also M&F differences. leaf shape, color and size are important |
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E. caespitosum | cushion desert wilde buckwheat, matted wild buckwheat | ||||
E. compositum | arrowleaf wild buckwheat | ||||
E. diclinum | Jaynes Canyon buckwheat | ||||
E. fasciculatum | California buckwheat | ||||
E. heracleoides | parsnip-flowered wild buckwheat | ||||
E. marifolium | marum leaved buckwheat | ||||
E. nudum | bare-stem buckwheat | ||||
E. ovalifolium | cushion wild buckwheat - highly variable - flowers bright yellow to pink to white. Foliage white to dusty green. many varieties | ||||
E. parvifolium | dune wild buckwheat, seacliff wild buckwheat | ||||
E. thymoides | thyme wild buckwheat | ||||
E. umbellatum | sulphur flowered buckwheat | ||||
Koenigia |
Taprooted annuals and perennials. Genus currently undergoing depolyphyletication |
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K. daviaiae | Davis' knotweed | ||||
Persicaria | knotweeds, smartweeds | ||||
P. maculosa | spotted lady's thumb, Jesusplant, redshank | ||||
P. hydropiper | water-pepper | ||||
079 | Amaranthaceae | Includes vegetables such as spinach, beet, sugar beet, chard, quinoa, and cañihua | |||
Allenrolfea | fleshy, succulent, grow on sandy, often salty, alkaline soils | ||||
A. occidentalis | iodine bush | ||||
Atriplex | the genus is quite variable and widely distributed, including desert and seashore plants, and halophytes | ||||
A. hymenelytra | Desert holly | ||||
Grayia | siltbush and hopsage | ||||
G. spinosa | Spiny hopsage | ||||
Gomphrena | globe amaranths | ||||
G. celosioides | no common name found, cosmopolitan pioneer plant, originally native to tropical Americas, now widely naturalized | ||||
080 | Nyctaginaceae | four o'clock family. Some species exhibit unusual characteristics - sticky bands on stems, self-pollinating flowers that don't open, able to withstand soils with high concentration of gypsum | |||
Abronia | sand-verbenas or wild lantanas | ||||
A. latifolia | Yellow sand-verbena | ||||
085R | Montiaceae | Cosmopolitan distribution | |||
Calyptridium | native range Northern NA, Southern SA | ||||
C. monospermum | one-seeded pussypaws | ||||
C. umbellatum | pussypaws | ||||
Claytonia | spring beauty - Asia, North America and Central America. Vitamin rich leaves can be eaten, edible tubers | ||||
C. lanceolata | Lanceleaf Spring Beauty, western spring beauty | ||||
C. perfoliata | |||||
C. rubra | Red-stem miner's lettuce, Erubescent miner's lettuce | ||||
Lewisia | Named for Meriwether Lewis, found in western North America. Native Amerians ate roots of Lewisia | ||||
L. rediviva | Bitterroot | ||||
Montia | Miner's lettuce, water chickweeds | ||||
M. parvifolia | Streambank spring beauty | ||||
087 | Caryophyllaceae | pink or carnation family - widespread, cosmopolitan family includes dianthus, firepink, and campions | |||
Cerastium | mouse-ears, or mouse-ear chickweeds | ||||
C. alpinum | Alpine mouse-ear | ||||
C. arvense | Field chickweed | ||||
C. fontanum | common mouse-ear, starweed, mouse-ear chickweed | ||||
Honckenya | Monotypic, circumboreal | ||||
H. paploides | sea sandwort, seaside sandplant | ||||
Silene | campion, catchfly, widely distributed, particularly in the northern hemisphere | ||||
S. acaulis | moss campion | ||||
S. dioica | red campion, red catchfly | ||||
S. parryi | Parry's catchfly | ||||
S. uniflora | Sea Campion | ||||
091 | Ranunculaceae | Buttercup family includes Delphinium (larkspur), Thalictrum (rue), Columbine, Anemone, and Clematis | |||
Aconitum | aconite, monkshood, wolfsbane, devil's helmet, etc. chiefly native to mountainous parts of Norther Hemisphere | ||||
A. columbianum | columbian monkshood | ||||
Anemonastrum | Anemonastrum means "somewhat like an anemone" | ||||
A. deltoideum | Columbia windflower | ||||
Anemone | anemone, windflowers | ||||
A. coronaria | Poppy anemone, spanish marigold, windflower | ||||
A. patens | prairie pasqueflower | ||||
Aquilegia | Columbines, found throughout the Northern Hemisphere | ||||
A. flavescens | yellow columbine | ||||
A. formosa | western columbine, crimson columbine, five-barreled petunia | ||||
Clematis | cultivated since 1862 with new cultivars introduced frequently - Clematis, traveller's joy, virgin's bower... | ||||
C. ligusticifolia | Western clematis | ||||
Delphinium | Larkspur freely hybridize amongst different species creating difficulty in identification Here are some photos of unidentified delphinium | ||||
D. andersonii | Anderson's Larkspur | ||||
D. glauca | mountain larkspur | ||||
Pulsatilla | |||||
P. occidentalis | Western pasque flower (fruit only - flowers coming, someday) | ||||
Thalictrum | native mostly to temperate regions. Despite the common name 'Meadow Rue' it is not closely related to actual rue (Ruadceae) | ||||
T. occidentale | western meadow-rue | ||||
096 | Calycanthaceae | sweetshrubs, spicebushes, three genera, 10 known species | |||
Calycanthus | |||||
C. occidentale | California allspice, California spicebush | ||||
104 | Papaveraceae | Poppy family, cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates, mostly in the northern hemisphere. | |||
Dendromecon | tree poppy, large shrub 2-10 feet tall. California and Baja California | ||||
D. rigida | bush poppy | ||||
Dicentra | bleeding hearts, and the now politically deprecated Dutchman's Breeches | ||||
D. formosa | Pacific bleeding heart, western bleeding heart | ||||
Eschscholzia | tiny black seeds held in long pointed pods that snap open when ripe, frequently with enough force to fling seeds some distance | ||||
E. caespitosa | tufted poppy | ||||
E. californica | California poppy | ||||
Papaver | frost tolerant, temperate and cold regions of Eurasia, Africa and North America | ||||
P. nudicale | Iceland poppy | ||||
P. radicatum | Arctic poppy | ||||
105 | Brassicaceae | mustards or cabbage family. Mostly herbaceous plants. four petals, four alternate sepals. two short stamens and four longer ones. | |||
Cardamine | bittercress, toothworts | ||||
C. hirsuta | hairy bittercress | ||||
C. nymanii | lady's smock | ||||
C. pratensis | cuckoo flower, lady's smock milkmaids, mayflower | ||||
Erysimum | wallflowers | ||||
E. arenicola | cascade wallflower | ||||
E. asperum | plains wallflower | ||||
E. capitatum | western wallflower | ||||
Hesperis | |||||
H. matronalis | Dame's rocket | ||||
Physaria | twinpods, bladderpods, lesquerella | ||||
P. spatulata | alpine bladderpod | ||||
P. tenella | Moapa bladderpod aka Lesquerella tenella | ||||
Raphanus | |||||
R. raphanistrum | wild radish | ||||
Rorippa | yellowcresses - watercress has moved to genus Nasturtium | ||||
R. sinuata | spreading yellowcress | ||||
Sisymbrium | scrappy plants that survive harsh climates and disturbed ground | ||||
S. altissimum | tall tumblemustard | ||||
Stanleya | Prince's plumes | ||||
S. pinnata | desert prince's plume | ||||
Streptanthus | twistflowers and jewelflowers | ||||
S. carinatus | |||||
107 | Capparaceae | caper family | |||
Capparis | caper shrubs, caperbushes | ||||
C. micracantha | |||||
107Q | Cleomaceae | very closely related to Brassicaceae | |||
Cleome | spider flowers, spider weeds, bee plants | ||||
C. platycarpa | golden bee plant | ||||
110 | Sarraceniaceae | Pitcher Plants | |||
Darlingtonia | monotypical | ||||
D. californica | California pitcher plant, Oregon pitcher plant, cobra lily (discouraged) | ||||
115 | Crassulaceae | stonecrop family, thick, succulent leaves, xerophytic, Crassulacean acid metabolism | |||
Rhodiola | often called stonecrops, some authors merge Rhodiola into Sedum. High altitude and other cold regions northern hemisphere | ||||
R. rosea | roseroot stonecrop | ||||
Sedum | succlents found primarily in Nortern Hemisphere. plants vary from annuals to shrubs. 400-500 species | ||||
S. divergens | pacific stonecrop | ||||
S. lanceolata | spearleaf stonecrop | ||||
S. villosum | hairy stonecrop | ||||
114 | Hydrocharitaceae | includes many aquatic species, both fresh and marine aquatics. primarily tropical | |||
Egeria | 3 species of aquatic plants native to warm-temperate South America | ||||
E. densa | Large-flowered waterweed, Brazilian waterweed - problematic invasive species used in home aquariums | ||||
117 | Saxifragaceae | herbaceous perennial flowering plants. predominantly northern hemisphere, but also Andes and South America | |||
Boykinia | brookfoams - creeping perennials, highly lobed or toothed leaves. NA, Asia, Japan | ||||
B. major | mountain brookfoam | ||||
Heuchera | alumroot, coral bells - mostly NA, one species native to Russian Far East | ||||
H. rubescens | pink alumroot | ||||
Lithophragma | woodland stars | ||||
L. parviflorum | small-flowered woodland-star | ||||
L. tenellum | slender woodland-star | ||||
Micranthes | |||||
M. californica | California saxifrage | ||||
Mitellastra | monotypical | ||||
M. caulescens | leafy miterwort, slightstemmed m, star-shaped m, creeping m | ||||
Saxifraga | 473 species, aka rockfoils. mostly perennial or biennial, may be succulent | ||||
S. aizoides | yellow mountain saxifrage | ||||
S. caespitosa | tufted saxifrage | ||||
S. hypnoides | mossy saxifrage | ||||
S. oregana | Oregon saxifrage | ||||
S. rhomboidea | diamond-leaved saxifrage | ||||
S. rosacea | rosy saxifrage (roses can be white, right?) irish saxifrage | ||||
S. stellaris | starry saxifrage, hairy kidney-wort (I like that one!) | ||||
Tellima | |||||
T. grandiflora | fringecup | ||||
Tiarella | |||||
T. trifoliata | foamflower | ||||
Tolmiea | |||||
T. menziesii | an unattractive brown flower that requires genetic analysis to distinguish it from its doppelganger T. diplomenziesii. This could be either. | ||||
117R | Grossulariaceae | currents and gooseberries (for now) | |||
Ribes | currents and gooseberries - recent developments place Ribes as the sole genus in the Grossulariaceae family. | ||||
R. aureum | golden currant, buffalo currant | ||||
R. cereum | wax currant | ||||
R. lacustre | prickly currant | ||||
R. lobii | gummy gooseberry, fuchsia-flowered gooseberry (though another gooseberry also claims this name), pioneer gooseberry | ||||
R. sanguineum | red flowering currant | ||||
R. viscosissimum | sticky currant | ||||
117S | Hydrangeaceae | characterised by leaves in opposite pairs, 4 petals | |||
Philadelphus | mock-orange - 60 species | ||||
P. lewisii | Lewis' mock-orange | ||||
126 | Rosaceae | rose family, includes 91 genera, ~5,000 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Traditional roses, fruit trees, berries and almonds | |||
Amelanchier | serviceberry, sarvisberry, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum. temperate regions northern hemisphere | ||||
A. alnifolia | serviceberry | ||||
Aruncus | closely related to filipendula and spiraea. creamy white plumes of small flowers. appears in temperate regions of northern hemisphere | ||||
A. dioicus | goatsbeard | ||||
Ceanothus | Some place this in the Rhamnaceae family. genus native to NA, with greatest diversity on the west coast. | ||||
C. cordulatus | mountain whitethorn | ||||
C. cuneatus | buckbrush | ||||
C. integerrimus | deerbrush | ||||
C. sanguineus | redstem ceanothus | ||||
Chamaebatia | aromatic, capable of nitrogen fixation, dense tangle with sticky, strong-smelling resin | ||||
C. foliosa | mountain misery | ||||
Cinquefoil | Cinquefoils have pretty much been distributed to a variety of genera. I find at least three for this one, so I'm leaving it here. | ||||
C. glandulosa | sticky cinquefoil | ||||
Comarum | formerly included in cinquefoils | ||||
C. palustre | swamp cinquefoil, marsh cinquefoil. aka cinquefoil palustris | ||||
Crataegus | Hawthorns, quickthorn, thornapple, may-tree, whitethorn, mayflower or hawberry - several hundred species of shrubs and trees | ||||
C. monogyna | common hawthorn, native to Europe, NW Africa, W. Asia, widely naturalized | ||||
Dasiphora | more cinquefoils | ||||
D. fruticosa | shrubby cinquefoil | ||||
Dryas | arctic and alpine regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. Placement in Rosaceae is unclear - wait for announcement | ||||
D. octopetela | mountain avens | ||||
Drymocallis | more cinquefoils | ||||
D. pseudorupestris | cliff wood-beauty | ||||
D. convallaria | cream cinquefoil | ||||
Elaeagnus | deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees, alternate leaves. flowers small, four-lobed calyx, no petals. silverberry, oleaster. member of Rosids, but may now be classed in family Elaeagnaceae | ||||
E. angustifolia | russian olive | ||||
Fragaria | strawberries | ||||
F. vesca | wild strawberry | ||||
F. virginica | wild strawberry | ||||
Geum | avens | ||||
G. rivale | water avens, purple avens | ||||
G. triflorum | prairie smoke, old man's whiskers, torchflower, three-sisters, long-plumed purple avens, lion's beard, three-flowered avens (more?...) | ||||
Holodiscus | deciduous shrubs, native to Americas, British Columbia south to Bolivia | ||||
H. discolor | Oceanspray | ||||
Horkelia | apparently recently re-assigned to Potentilla? | ||||
H. daucifolia | carrotleaf horkelia | ||||
Luetkea | partridgefoot - mat-forming shrub, endemic to cold portions of western Northa America, and subarctic regions. | ||||
L. pectinata | partridgefoot, lutkea | ||||
Malus | Crabapple | ||||
M. prunifolia | Plumleaf crab apple | ||||
Potentilla | 500 species, including more cinquefoils. It's obvious more work needs to be done | ||||
P. anserina | silverweed | ||||
P. breweri | Brewer's cinquefoil | ||||
P. crantzii | alpine cinquefoil | ||||
P. gracilis | graceful, or slender cinquefoil | ||||
126b | P. indica | mock strawberry | |||
Prunus | trees and shrubs including plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds | ||||
P. spinosa | blackthorn - locally naturalized in the PNW, particularly the Willamette Valley | ||||
P. virginiana | choke cherry | ||||
Purshia | bitterbrush or cliff-rose | ||||
P. tridentata | antelope bitterbrush | ||||
Rosa | |||||
R. nutkana | nootka rose | ||||
Rubus | bramble - raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, etc | ||||
R. laciniatus |
cutleaf blackberry - naturalized Eurasian non-native |
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R. lasiococcus |
dwarf bramble | ||||
R. neomexicanus | New Mexico Raspberry | ||||
R. parviflorus | thimbleberry | ||||
R. spectabilis | salmonberry | ||||
R. ursinus | trailing blackberry | ||||
Sorbus | whitebeam, rowan, mountain-ash, service tree | ||||
S. scopulina | cascade mountain ash | ||||
Spiraea | spirea, meadowsweets or steeplebushes, hardy deciduous shrubs native to Northern Hemisphere, many small flowers clustered together | ||||
S. douglasii | hardhack | ||||
S. japonica | Japanese meadowsweet | ||||
S. splendens | rosy spirea | ||||
128 | Fabaceae | legume, pea or bean family | |||
Acacia | wattles or acacias | ||||
A. constricta | whitethorn acacia | ||||
Acmispon | bird's-foot trefoils, deervetches, native to NA, west coast of Chile in SA | ||||
A. americanus | American bird's-foot trefoil, Spanish clover | ||||
Astragalus | milkvetch, locoweed, goat's-thorn | ||||
A. purshii | milkvetch | ||||
A. succumbens | columbia milkvetch | ||||
subtropical to tropical regions of Americas. powder-puff, powder puff plant, fairy duster | |||||
C. eriophylla | fairyduster | ||||
Cercis | redbud | ||||
C. occindentalis | western redbud | ||||
Cytisus | brooms | ||||
C. scoparius | scotch broom | ||||
Dalea | prairie clover, indigo bush. western hemisphere natives, Canada to Argentina, nearly half endemic to Mexico | ||||
D. ornata | blue mountain prairie colver | ||||
Erythrina | Shrubs to small trees, tropical and subtropical regions worldwide | ||||
E. flabelliformis | western coralbean | ||||
Hosackia | bird's-foot trefoil, deervetch | ||||
H. crassifolia | big deervetch | ||||
128b | Lathyrus | peavines, vetchlings, sweet peas | |||
L. latifolius | broad-leaved sweet pea | ||||
Lotus | also includes bird's foot trefoils and deervetches. | ||||
L. pedunculata | greater bird's foot trefoil | ||||
Lupinus | lupins and bluebonnets, mostly annuals, a few shrubs and one tree. flowers in whorls on an erect spike | ||||
L. brewerii | brewer's lupine | ||||
L. lepidus | Pacific lupine | ||||
L. leucophyllus | velvet lupine | ||||
L. nootkatensis | nootka lupine | ||||
L. sparsiflorus | coulter's lupine | ||||
L. succulentus | hollowleaf annual lupine, arroyo lupine, succulent lupine | ||||
Medicago | medick, burclover | ||||
M. lupulina | black medick | ||||
Melilotus | melilot, sweet clover, kumoniga | ||||
M. officinalis | yellow sweet clover | ||||
Oxytropis | locoweeds | ||||
O. campestris | field locoweed | ||||
Robinia | locusts | ||||
R. neomexicana | New Mexico locust | ||||
Sophora | many small trees and shrubs | ||||
S. nuttalliana | white loco (small shrub) |
||||
Trifolium | clovers | ||||
T. campestre | hop trefoil, low hop clover | ||||
Ulex | gorse, furze, whin | ||||
U. europaeus | Gorse | ||||
129 | Geraniaceae | geranium family - herbs or shrubs, leaves usually lobed or otherwise divided - pelate, opposite, or alternate. Flowers are symmetrical | |||
Erodium | |||||
E. cicutarium | redstem storksbill | ||||
Geranium | geraniums, cranesbills. found throughout temperate regions of the world | ||||
G. richardsonii | Richardson's geranium | ||||
G. robertianum | herb Robert, stinky Bob, red robim, death come quickly | ||||
G. sylvaticum | wood crane's bill | ||||
G. viscosissimum | sticky geranium | ||||
130 | Oxalidaceae | wood sorrels, small family of herbs, shrubs and small trees, but mostly plants in the genus Oxalis | |||
Oxalis | genus occurs throughout most of the world, again mostly known as wood sorrels | ||||
O. oregana | Oregon wood-sorrel | ||||
O. pes-caprae | Bermuda buttercup, African wood-sorrel, sour grass | ||||
O. stricta | common yellow oxalis, yellow wood-sorrel | ||||
132 | Linaceae | herbacious annuals, woody vines, shrubs, and trees. temperate to tropical | |||
Linum | flowers mostly blue. fibre used to produce linen, seeds for linseed oil | ||||
L. lewisii | Lewis' flax | ||||
135 | bean-caper and caltrop | ||||
Larrea | evergreen shrubs native to americas. | ||||
L. tridentata | creosote bush - creosote bush lives in clonal colonies, one estimated as old as 11,700 years | ||||
Tribulus | diverse climates and soils worldwide from 35°S to 47°N. some species cultived as ornamentals, some are noxious weeds | ||||
T. terrestris | puncture vine, caltrop - seeds served as the design model for the ancient weapon by the same name. widespread, invasive | ||||
147 | Spurges - cosmopolitan global distribution, greatest species diversity in tropics | ||||
Euphorbia | genus has roughly 2,000 members including poinsettias, and Euphorbia empliphylla growing to nearly 100' in height | ||||
E. esula | leafy spurge, wolf's milk | ||||
E. maculata | milk purslane, milky spurge, spotted sandmat, milk purslane, etc. aka Chamaesyce maculata | ||||
E. marginata | smoke-on-the-prairie | ||||
153 | cashew family - cashew, sumac, poison oak, poison ivy, poison sumac | ||||
Rhus | sumac (non-poisonous type) | ||||
R. trilobata | skunkbush, skunkbush S., fragrant S., squawbush, basketbush, ill-scented sumac, and so forth... | ||||
158 | Celastraceae | vines, shrubs, small trees, mostly tropical | |||
Parnassia | Mount Parnassus is the mythological home of the muses music and poetry. open seepage areas, moist woods | ||||
P. asarifolia | kidneyleaf grass of Parnassus, grass-of-parnassus | ||||
165 | soapberry family includes horse chestnut, maples, lychee. Many have a milky sap containing latex, | ||||
Acer | maples | ||||
A. circinatum | vine maple | ||||
Aesculus | horse chestnut, buckeye | ||||
A. californica | california buckeye | ||||
168 | Balsaminaceae | balsam family (not to be confused with balsam root), consisting of 1,000+ species of impatiens, and the monotypic genus Hydrocera | |||
Impatiens | Imaptiens, jewelweed, snapweed, touch-me-not, patience. widely distributed in Northern Hemisphere and the tropics | ||||
I. capensis | orange jewelweed, common jewelweed, spotted touch-me-not | ||||
I. glandulifera | policeman's-helmet, ornamental jewelweed | ||||
175 | Malvaceae | ||||
Fremontodendron | flannel bush | ||||
F. californicum | California flannelbush | ||||
Iliamna | hollyhocks | ||||
I. rivularis | streambank wild hollyhock | ||||
Malva | mallow | ||||
M. sylvestris |
|||||
Sida | fanpetals | ||||
S. abutifolia |
spreading fanpetals | ||||
Sidalcea | checkermallows | ||||
S. hirtipes |
checkermallow | ||||
S. oregana | Oregon Checker-mallow | ||||
S. virgata |
virgate checkerbloom | ||||
globemallows | |||||
S. ambigua |
rose globemallow, pink form | ||||
S. laxa | caliche globmallow | ||||
S. munroana |
orange globe mallow | ||||
S. parvifolia |
small-leaf globemallow | ||||
182 | Ochnaceae | ||||
Ochna | trees, shrubs, shrublets, tropical woodlands of Africa, Madagascar, Mascarene Islands, and Asia | ||||
O. integerrima | Mai flower, very popular in southern Vietnam for the celebration of Tét spring festival | ||||
187Q | Hypericaceae | St. John's wort family | |||
Hypericum | St. John's worts, goatweeds | ||||
H. perforatum | Klamath weed - an introduced species and the story of its biological control | ||||
H. scouleri | Schouler's St. Johns wort | ||||
192 | Fouquieriaceae | contains a single genus that includes ocotillo and the boojum tree | |||
Fouquieria | wiki only the genus and does not have a separate article on the genus, since there's only the one... | ||||
F. splendens | ocotillo | ||||
198 | Violaceae | Violets and pansies | |||
Viola | mostly temperate Northern Hemisphere | ||||
V. canadensis | Canada violet | ||||
V. glabella | yellow violet | ||||
V. palustris | alpine marsh violet | ||||
V. sempervirens | evergreen violet | ||||
V. purpurea | goose-foot violet | ||||
199R | Berberidaceae | barberry family, includes trees, shrubs, and perennial herbaceous plants | |||
Achlys | vanilla leaf | ||||
A. californica | aka A. triphylla as some believe the two are too similar to be separate species | ||||
Berberis | barberries - temperate and subtropical regions of the world except Australia | ||||
B. aquifolium | oregon grape | ||||
B. repens | creeping oregon grape | ||||
Vancouveria | inside-out flowers | ||||
V. hexandra | white inside-out flower | ||||
206 | Loasaceae | Loasaceae are known to exhibit rapid thigmonastic astamen movement when pollinators are present | |||
Mentzelia | blazing stars, stickleafs, evening stars, and moonflowers | ||||
M. veatchiana | Veatch's blazingstar | ||||
210 | Cactaceae | Cactus - native to the americas except for one species from Africa and Sri Lanka. stems carry out photosynthesis | |||
Carnegiea | monotypic | ||||
C. gigantea | Giant Saguaro | ||||
Cylindropuntia | chollas - barbed spines, stems separate readily | ||||
C. echinocarpa | silver cholla | ||||
Echinocereus | echinos = sea urchin, cereus = candle, aka hedgehog, but other genera use hedgehog as well. | ||||
E. coccineus | mexican claret cup | ||||
E. triglochidiatus | King cup cactus | ||||
Ferocactus | Barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers | ||||
F. wislizeni | Arizona barrel, fishhook barrel cactus, candy barrel cactus | ||||
Stenocereus | columnar or tree-like cacti, Baja, Mexico, Arizona, Columbia, Costa Rica into Venezuela and West Indies | ||||
S. thurberi |
Organ pipe cactus - night blooming, usually pollinated by bats. Blossoms wither with the first rays of the sun |
||||
219 | woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia | ||||
Couroupita | tropical south and central America | ||||
C. guianensis | cannonball tree, cultivated in many tropical areas for fragrant flowers and large fruits | ||||
224 | Onagraceae | willowherb, evening primrose - widespread | |||
Chamaenerion | willoherbs or fireweeds, occasionally included in Epilobium | ||||
C. angustifolium | fireweed | ||||
Clarkia | almost all native to western North America. typically annual herbs, some formerly classified as godetia as reflected in some common names | ||||
C. amoena | farewell-to-spring | ||||
C. pulchella | ragged robin | ||||
C. purpurea | winecup clarkia | ||||
C. rhomboidea | diamond clarkia | ||||
C. unguiculata | elegant clarkia | ||||
Epilobium | willowherb - herbacious plant with nearow, willow-like leaves | ||||
E. brachycarpum | autumn willowherb | ||||
E. ciliatum | fringed willowherb | ||||
E. densiflorum | denseflowered willowherb | ||||
E. lactiflorum | milk-flowered willowherb | ||||
Gayophytum | groundsmoke | ||||
G. humile | dwarf groundsmoke | ||||
Oenothera | evening primrose, suncups, sundrops, not closely related to true primroses | ||||
O. albicaulis | white-stem evening primrose | ||||
O. biennis | common evening primrose | ||||
O. cespitosa | gumbo evening primrose | ||||
O. elata | aka O. villosa - Hooker's evening-primrose, tall evening-primrose | ||||
Taraxia | changes coming. I can feel it. | ||||
T. subacaulis | diffuse flower evening primrose | ||||
227 | Araliaceae | ginseng, varied morphology, predominantly woody habit, tropical simple umbels | |||
Oplopanax | native to western North America and northeastern Asia | ||||
O. horridus | Devil's club | ||||
228 | Apiaceae | umbellifers - celery, carrot, parsley etc. Large family with 3,800 species in 446 genera. | |||
Angelica | 1-3 m tall, far north as Greenland, mosly in China | ||||
A. arguta | Lyall's angelica | ||||
A. henderonsii | Henderson's angelica | ||||
Anthriscus | chervils, Europe and temperate Asia | ||||
A. sylvestris | cow parsley | ||||
Cicuta | water hemlock - highly toxic | ||||
C. douglasii | western water hemlock | ||||
Daucus | Carrot | ||||
D. carota | Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot, bird's nest, bishop's lace, European wild carrot - native to the old world, naturalized in the new world | ||||
Foeniculum | Fennel | ||||
F. vulgare | common fennel | ||||
Heracleum | biennial and perennial, hogweed, cow parsnip | ||||
H. maximum | cow parsnip | ||||
Lomatium | biscuitroot, indian parsley, desert parsley. Native to NA and Mexico, used extensively for food by native Americans | ||||
L. cous | cous biscuitroot | ||||
L. nudicaule | barestem biscuitroot | ||||
L. triernatum | nineleaf biscuitroot | ||||
Musineon | wild parsleys | ||||
M. divaricatum | wild parsley | ||||
229 | Cornaceae | Dogwoods | |||
Cornus | woody plants, mostly deciduous trees, shrubs, or subshrubs | ||||
C. sericea | red osier dogwood | ||||
C. unalaschkensis | bunchberry | ||||
233 | Ericaceae | heaths, heathers, rhododendron, various berries, some parasites | |||
Arbutus | madrones, strawberry trees | ||||
A. menziesii | Pacific madrone, madrone, madrona, arbutus - readily identifiable by its peeling red bark | ||||
Arctostaphylos | manzanitas | ||||
A. pungens | pointleaf manzanita | ||||
Cassiope | native to arctic and north temperate montane regions | ||||
C. hypnoides | cassiope | ||||
Chimaphila | formerly placed in family Pyrolaceae which is now a subfamily of Ericaceae | ||||
C. umbellata | pipsissewa, prince's pine | ||||
Gaultheria | evergreen, small shrubs to small trees, widespread | ||||
G. shallon | salal - Lewis and Clark reported the native name to be 'shallon', David Douglas interpreted their pronunciation as salal | ||||
Kalmia | Kalmia (formerly Loiseleuria) | ||||
K. procumbens | trailing azelea aka Loiseleuria procumbens, Azalea procumbens |
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Monotropa | native to temperate regions of Northern Hemisphere, myco-hetrotrophic parasites on subterranean fungi | ||||
M. hypopithys | pinesap | ||||
Pyrola | commonly known as wintergreen (see glossary) native to northern temparate and arctic regions | ||||
P. aphylla | leafless wintergreen (wintergreen=evergreen, so, P. oxymoron...) | ||||
P. asarifolia | pink pyrola, bog wintergreen, pink wintergreen | ||||
P. minor | common wintergreen | ||||
Sarcodes | monotypic, parasitic plant that derives nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi | ||||
S. sanguinea | snowplant | ||||
Vaccinium | craneberry, blueberry, bilberry, lingonberry, huckleberry | ||||
V. myrtillus | billberry | ||||
V. ovatum | evergreen huckleberry | ||||
V. parvifolium | red huckleberry | ||||
V. uliginosum | bog billberry | ||||
237 | Primulaceae |
Primrose family (no relation to evening primrose) - see wiki article for detailed description |
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Lysimachia | common names include primarily loosestrife, with a few starflowers and pimpernel. Recently absorbed trientalis | ||||
L. latifolia | Pacific starflower - I'm finding evidence that L. latifolia and L. borealis may have merged. | ||||
L. europaea |
arctic starflower | ||||
Primula | The genus Dodecatheon originated from within Primula, its species are now included in Primula once again | ||||
P. austrofrigida | tundra shooting star | ||||
P. clevelandii | padre's shooting star | ||||
P. conjugens | Bonneville shooting star, desert shooting star, slimpod shooting star | ||||
P. hendersonii | Henderson's shooting star | ||||
P. pauciflora | prairie shooting star | ||||
P. pulchellum | aka P. pauciflora - dry habitats from subarctic to mexico. This specimen was growing in a botanical garden in Akureyri, Iceland, labeled Dodecatheon pulchellum | ||||
P. tetandra | alpine shooting star | ||||
238 | Plumbaginaceae | colmopolitan distribution, particularly associated with salt-rich steppes, marshes, and sea coasts | |||
Armeria | |||||
A. maritima | sea thrift, sea cushion, sea pink | ||||
246 | Gentianaceae | cosmopolitan distribution, wide range of colors and patterns | |||
Centaurium | Distributed across Europe and Asia | ||||
C. erythraea | common centaury, European centaury, Naturalized in parts of NA, New Zealand, and eastern Australia | ||||
Gentiana | Gentians are notable for their mostly large trumpet-shaped flowers, which are often an intense blue hue | ||||
G. affinis | pleated gentian | ||||
G. latidens | Balsam Mountain gentian - rare, critically endangered, described in 2009, only found in the Balsam Mountain range of Western North Carolina | ||||
Gentianella | commonly known as dwarf gentians | ||||
G. detonsa | fringed gentian, western fringed gentian, windmill fringed gentian | ||||
247 | Apocynaceae | dogbane family so named because some taxa were used as a dog poison. also includes milkweeds | |||
Apocynum | dogbane, or Indian hemp | ||||
A. androsaemifolium | spreading dogbane | ||||
Asclepias | milkweeds | ||||
A. speciosa | showy milkweed | ||||
A. viridflora | green milkweed, green comet milkweed |
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Calotropis | Asia and North Africa | ||||
C. gigantea | giant milkweed | ||||
249 | Convolvulaceae | bindweeds and morning glories | |||
Evolvulus | dwarf morning glories | ||||
E. arizonicus | Arizona blue-eyes | ||||
Ipomoea | morning glory, sweet potato, bindweed, moonflower, etc | ||||
I. ternifolia | Bird's foot morning glory | ||||
Merremia | woodroses | ||||
M. hederacea | Ivy woodrose, हेमाली, കുഡീചിവല്ലീ | ||||
250 | Polemoniaceae | phlox, jacob's ladder, gilia, etc. | |||
Collomia | trumpets, mountain trumpets, trumpet flowers | ||||
C. grandiflora | grand collomia | ||||
Eriastrum | woollystars | ||||
E. densifolium | giant woolystar | ||||
Gilia | gilia | ||||
G. capitata | bluehead gilia | ||||
Ipomopsis | some things that used to be gilia, other stuff | ||||
I. aggregata | skyrocket, aka scarlet gilia, though it was stripped of its gilia title some years ago... | ||||
Leptosiphon | some Leptosiphons used to be Linanthus. | ||||
L. bicolor | true babystars - I knew these back in their Linanthus heyday... | ||||
L. montanus | mustang clover, whiskerbrush | ||||
Microsteris | controversally monotypic - some believe it should be a phlox, like it was before | ||||
M. gracilis | slender phlox, midget phlox (politically deprecated) | ||||
Phlox | phlox, phloxes some are now cultivated | ||||
P. alyssifolia | leafy phlox | ||||
P. diffusa | spreading phlox | ||||
P. longifolia | longleaf phlox | ||||
P pulvinata | cushion phlox | ||||
P. stansburyi | Cold desert phlox | ||||
Polemonium | Jacob's ladders | ||||
P. californicum | California Jacob's ladder | ||||
P. carneum | Oregon Jacob's ladder | ||||
P. pulcherrimum | showy Jacob's Ladder | ||||
252 | Boraginaceae | forget-me-nots, stickseed, Cryptantha, hairy leaves contain cystoliths of silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate, irritating to skin | |||
Adelinia | Monotypic, the plant formerly known as Cynoglossum grande | ||||
A. grandis | Hound's tongue | ||||
Amsinckia | fiddlenecks | ||||
A. lycopsoides | bugloss fiddleneck, tarweed fiddleneck | ||||
A. menziesii |
common fiddleneck, intermediate f, Menzies' f, ranchers f, fireweed f |
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A. tessellata |
bristly fiddleneck, devil's lettuce |
||||
Cryptantha | cat's eyes, popcorn flowers | ||||
C. celosioides | butte candle - aka Oreocarya glomerata and at least five others. Taxonomy appears a bit unstable | ||||
Hackelia | stickseeds | ||||
H. mundula | pink stickseed | ||||
H. patens | spotted stickseed | ||||
Lithospermum | gromwells, or stoneseeds | ||||
L. incisum | fringed puccoon, showy stoneseed, narrow-leaved gromwell | ||||
l. ruderale | western stoneseed, Columbian puccoon, western gromwell | ||||
Mertensia | one of several plants called 'bluebells'. flower color can change with soil pH | ||||
M. lanceolata | lanceleaf bluebells | ||||
Myosotis | forget-me-nots, scorpion grasses | ||||
M. arvensis | Forget-me-not | ||||
M. scorpioides | water forget-me-not | ||||
Onosma | mediterranean and western asia, dry sunny habitats | ||||
O. frutescens | golden drop | ||||
Phacelia | phacelia, scorpionweed, heliotrope | ||||
P. crenulata |
notch-leaved phacelia, cleftleaf wild heliotrope |
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P. hastata | silverleaf phacelia | ||||
P. mutabilis | changeable phacelia | ||||
Pholistoma | Western North America, Oregon to Baja California, 3 species | ||||
P. aritum | blue fiesta flower | ||||
253 | verbena, vervain, mainly tropical containing trees, shrubs, and herbs. heads, spikes, clusters of small flowers, aromatic | ||||
Glandularia | vervain or verveine, native to Americas and Asia | ||||
G. canadensis | rose mock vervain | ||||
254 | mint family, includes savory herbs, medicinal herbs, cosmopolitan distribution, ~7,000+ species | ||||
Agastache | giant hyssops | ||||
A. urticifolia | Nettle-leaf giant hyssop | ||||
dead-nettles, several very successful weeds naturalised across much of the temperate world | |||||
L. purpureum | purple deadnettle | ||||
L. amplexicaule | henbit deadnettle | ||||
Monarda | bergamot, bee balm, horsemint, oswego tea - endemic to North America | ||||
M. fistulosa | wild bergamot | ||||
Monardella | grown for highly aromatic foliage, some species used for herbal teas | ||||
M. odoratissima | coyote mint | ||||
Prunella | self-heals, heal-all, allheal, used in herbal medicine | ||||
P. vulgaris | common self-heal | ||||
Salvia | one of several genera commonly referred to as sage | ||||
S. columbaria | chia | ||||
Scutellaria | skullcaps scutella=small dish, tray, or platter, referring to the shape of the calyx | ||||
S. antirrhinoides | snapdragon skullcap, nose skullcap | ||||
Stachys | hedgenettle, betony, lamb's ears | ||||
S. mexicana | coast hedgenettle | ||||
Thymus | aromatic perennial herbaceous plants and subshrubs native to temperate regions in Europe, North Africa, and Asia | ||||
T. praecox | wild thyme | ||||
256 | nightshades, includes a number of agricultural crops (tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, peppers. Some are highly toxic | ||||
Solanum | large, diverse genus containing potato, tomato, eggplant, and poisonous species as well | ||||
S. dulcamara | bittersweet nightshade, blue bindweed | ||||
S. furcatum | forked nightshade | ||||
S. umbelliferum | blue witch nightshade | ||||
257 | figworts, cosmopolitan distribution, majority temperate areas | ||||
Verbascum | mulleins | ||||
V. blattaria | moth mullein (yellow and white varieties) | ||||
V. thapsus | common mullein | ||||
258 | Bigonias (not to be confused with Begonias) or trumpet vines. Cosmopolitan distribution but mostly tropical | ||||
Chilopsis | monotypic - releated to catalpas, called desert willow because of its willow-like leaves, but no relation to actual willows | ||||
C. linearis | desert willow | ||||
261 | broomrapes, a family of mostly parasitic plants | ||||
Aphyllon | broomrape - genus could also be Orobanche | ||||
A. purpureum | aka. Orobanche uniflora - white variety | ||||
Bartsia | |||||
B. alpina | velvet bells, alpine bartsia | ||||
Bellardia | OK, this is a little weird, and possibly in flux Bellardia is a genus it two different families. revisit in a few months... | ||||
B. viscosa | yellow glandweed, sticky bartsia | ||||
Castilleja | paintbrush, indian paintbrush, prairie fire. hemiparasitic on roots of grasses and other herbacious flowering plants | ||||
C. arachnoidea | cobwebby paintbrush | ||||
C. exserta | purple owl's clover. escpbota, exserted Indian paintbrush | ||||
C. foliolosa | wooly indian paintbrush - various colors | ||||
C. hispida | harsh indian paintbrush | ||||
C. pilosa | parrothead indian paintbrush | ||||
Orthocarpus | root hemiparasites, capable of photosyntehsis but extracting water and minerals from host plants | ||||
O. cuspidatus | Toothed Owl's Clover | ||||
Pedicularis | lousewort - believed to be responsible for lice infestations in livestock when ingested. | ||||
P. densiflora | indian warrior lousewort | ||||
P. groenlandica | elephanthead, elephantella, elephant's head lousewort | ||||
P. racemosa | sickletop lousewort, parrot's beak, leafy lousewort | ||||
Rhinanthus | rattles, Europe, northern Asia, North America | ||||
R. minor | yellow rattle | ||||
264 | Lentibulariaceae | carnivorous plants - butterworts (pinguicula) and bladderworts (utricularia) | |||
Pinguicula | sticky, glandular leaves lure, trap, and digest insects | ||||
P. grandiflora | large-flowered butterwort | ||||
P. vulgaris | common butterwort | ||||
Utricularia | Bladderworts - carnivorous plants capture small organisms in bladder-like traps | ||||
U. aurea | golden bladderwort | ||||
266 | Acanthus family, most tropical herbs shrubs, or twining vines | ||||
Justicia | large genus within Acanthaceae. native to warm, tropical to warm temperate regions of Americas, India and Africa | ||||
J. californica | Chuparosa | ||||
tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Guinea | |||||
A. gangetica | var. micranthe - Chinese violet, coromandel, creeping foxglove - widespread | ||||
268 | Phrymaceae | nearly cosmopolitan distribution, but concentrated in Australia and western North America - Monkeyflowers and Teasle! | |||
Erythranthe | Monkey-flowers and musk-flowers | ||||
E. cardinalis | scarlet monkeyflower | ||||
E. guttata | common monkeyflower | ||||
E. lewisii | Lewis' monkeyflower | ||||
Mimulus | More monkey-flowers | ||||
M. bolanderi | Bolander's monkeyflower | ||||
M. calycinus | Kaweah River bush monkeyflower - now listed as Erythranthe calycinus | ||||
M. nanus | Dwarf monkeyflower | ||||
M. nasuta | shy monkeyflower - now listed as Erythranthe nasuta | ||||
269 | snapdragons, foxglove, penstemon, veroncia | ||||
Chelone | turtleheads | ||||
C. glabra | white turtlehead | ||||
Collinsia | chinese houses, blue eyed marys | ||||
C. tinctoria | sticky chinese houses | ||||
Digitalis | foxgloves | ||||
D. purpurea | foxglove, common foxglove, purple foxglove | ||||
Keckiella | keckiella, a few species called beardtongues or penstmons | ||||
K. breviflora | bush beardtongue | ||||
Linaria | toadflax | ||||
L. dalmatica | dalmatian toadflax | ||||
L. purpurea | purple toadflax | ||||
L. vulgaris | common toadflax, yellow toadflax, butter-and-eggs | ||||
monotypic - looks very much like a penstemon, but just enough 'off' to be suspicious | |||||
N. nemorosa | woodland beardtongue | ||||
Penstemon | penstemon, beardtongue | ||||
P. serrulatus | Cascade beardtongue, serrulate penstemon | ||||
P. grinnelli | Grinnell's beardtongue | ||||
P. parryi | Parry's beardtongue | ||||
P. rupicola | cliff beardtongue | ||||
P. rydbergii | Rydberg's penstemon | ||||
P. speciosus | royal penstemon | ||||
P. utahensis | Utah penstemon | ||||
P. venustus | venus penstemon | ||||
Plantago | plantains (no relation to the cooking banana plantain thing), fleaworts | ||||
P. lanceolata | ribwort plantain, narrowleaf plantain | ||||
Veronica | speedwells | ||||
V. americana | american speedwell | ||||
V. arvensis | corn speedwell | ||||
V. chamaedrys | germander speedwell | ||||
V. cusickii | Cusick's speedwell | ||||
V. fruticans | rock speedwell | ||||
V. regina-nivalis | snow queen (aka Synthyris reniformis) | ||||
V. wormskjoldii | alpine speedwell | ||||
270 | coffee, madder, bedstraw | ||||
Galium | 600+ species of galium - bedstraws | ||||
G. normanii | slender bedstraw | ||||
G. saxatile | heath bedstraw | ||||
271 | cosmopolitan distribution, weigela, honeysuckle, | ||||
Dipsacus | Teasle | ||||
D. fullonum | teasle | ||||
Linnaea | monotypic | ||||
L. borealis | twinflower | ||||
Lonicera | honeysuckle | ||||
L. ciliosa | orange honeysuckle, western trumpet honeysuckle | ||||
L. hispidula | pink honeysuckle, California honeysuckle, hairy honeysuckle | ||||
L. involucrata | twinberry honeysuckle, black twin-berry, twinberry, bearberry | ||||
Valeriana | Wiki redirects Plectritis to Valariana, wildflowersearch.org currently retains plectritis | ||||
V. congesta | shortspur seablush (aka Plectritis congesta) | ||||
V. sitchensis | Sitka valerian | ||||
Symphoricarpos | snowberry | ||||
S. albus | common snowberry | ||||
272 | Adoxaceae | Moschatal family | |||
Sambucus | Elderberries | ||||
S. cerulea | blue elderberry | ||||
S. racemosa | red elderberry | ||||
275 | gourd family - squash, melons, cucumber, luffa, etc | ||||
Marah | cucumbers, cucumber gourds | ||||
M. oregana | coastal manroot, Oregon manroot, western wild cucumber | ||||
276 | Bellflower family - Campanula, Lobelia, Platycodon, bellflowers, harebells | ||||
Campanula | bellflowers, harebells | ||||
C. piperi | Olympic bellflower | ||||
C. rotundifolia | scotch bluebell | ||||
C. scouleri | Scouler's harebell, pale bellflower, Scouler's bluebell | ||||
280 | Formerly known as the composites, large family - 1,900 genera and 32,000 species | ||||
Achillea | Yarrows | ||||
A. millefolium | Yarrow | ||||
Agoseris | mountain dandelion, false dandelion | ||||
A. aurantiaca | orange agoseris | ||||
Ambrosia | ragweeds | ||||
A. dumosa | burrobush | ||||
Amphiachyris | southern great plains, a few farther east | ||||
A. dracunculoides | prairie broomweed | ||||
Anaphalis | mostly central and southern asia, one species in NA, pearly everlasting | ||||
A. margaritacea | pearly everlasting | ||||
Baccharis | sometimes referred to as 'brooms' but not at all related | ||||
B. pilularis | coyote bush | ||||
Balsamroots. native to western NA | |||||
B. careyana | Carey's balsamroot | ||||
B. hookeri | Hooker's balsamroot | ||||
B. sagitta | arrowleaf balsam, arrowleaf balsamroot | ||||
Centaurea | thistle-like plants found only north of the equator. centaury, centory, starthistles, knapweeds | ||||
C. cyanus | bachelor's button, cornflower (corn flower refers to a weed growing in fields of corn in the broad sense i.e. grains) | ||||
C. diffusa | white knapweed (also available in pink...) | ||||
B. solstitialis |
Star Thistle | ||||
C. stoebe | spotted knapweed | ||||
Centromadia | North America | ||||
C. fitchii | Fitch's tarweed | ||||
Chaenactis | pincushions and dustymaidens | ||||
C. stevioides | Steve's dustymaiden | ||||
Cichorium | chicory, endive | ||||
C. intybus | common chickory | ||||
Cirsium | plume thistles | ||||
C. arvense | Canada thistle, lettuce from hell thistle | ||||
C. palustre | marsh thistle | ||||
C. scariosum | elk thistle, meadow thistle | ||||
C. vulgare | bull thistle, spear thistle | ||||
280e | Erigeron | fleabane - name possibly derived from belief that dried plants repelled fleas | |||
E. divergens | spreading fleabane, diffuse daisy, branching fleabane | ||||
E. poliospermus |
purple cushion fleabane | ||||
E. subtrinervis | threenerve fleabane | ||||
Eriophyllum | woolly sunflower, western NA | ||||
E. lanatum | Oregon sunshine | ||||
E. staechadefolium | seaside woolly sunflower | ||||
Geraea | desert sunflower | ||||
G. canescens | desert gold, hairy desert sunflower, desert sunflower | ||||
Grindelia | gumweed | ||||
G. integrifolia | Puget Sound gumweed, Willamette Valley gumweed | ||||
G. squarrosa | curlycup gumweed | ||||
Helenium | sneezeweeds | ||||
H. bigelovii | Bigelow's sneezeweed | ||||
Helianthus | sunflowers | ||||
H. annuus | Common sunflower | ||||
H. cusickii | Cusick's sunflower, turniproot sunflower | ||||
H. pauciflorus | stiff sunflower | ||||
H. tuberosus | Jerusalem artichoke, sunchoke | ||||
Hymenoxys | rubberweed, bitterweed, native to the Americas | ||||
H. aculis | stemless hymenoxys, stemless woolybase | ||||
J. vulgaris | tansy ragwort | ||||
Lactuca | commonly known as lettuce | ||||
L. muralis | aka Mycelis muralis - Wall lettuce - european native invading shady disturbed areas of the PNW and New England | ||||
Madia | tarweeds, native to western NA, southwestern SA | ||||
M. elegans | common madia | ||||
M. gracilis | grassy tarweed | ||||
M. sativa | coast tarweed | ||||
Onopordum | cottonthistle native to southern Europe, north Africa, Canary Islands, Caucasus, sw and central Asia. | ||||
O. acanthium | Scotch cottonthistle - not native to north america, widely naturalized | ||||
sneezeweed - mostly SW US and Mexico | |||||
P. cooperi |
western paperflower | ||||
280r | plumeseeds, western US, northwest Mexico | ||||
R. californica | California chickory | ||||
R. neomexicana | desert chickory | ||||
Ratibida | prairie coneflowers | ||||
R. columnifera | prairie coneflower | ||||
Rudbeckia | coneflowers, black-eyed-susans, all native to North America | ||||
R. hirta | black-eyed-susan | ||||
Senecio | ragworts, groundsels - the genus is one of the largest genera of flowering plants | ||||
S. vulgaris | common groundsel | ||||
Solidago | goldenrods, native to North America | ||||
S. arguta | goldenrod | ||||
S. lepida | elegant goldenrod, western Canada goldenrod, western goldenrod | ||||
Sonchus | sow thistles, hare thistles, considered invasive, noxious weeds in many areas | ||||
S. asper | spiny sow-thistle, native of Europe, North Africa, western Asia - naturalized as an invasive weed almost everywhere else. | ||||
Symphyotrichum | commonly called asters | ||||
S. drummondii | Drummond's aster | ||||
S. foliaceum | leafy aster | ||||
S. laeve | smooth blue aster | ||||
Thymophylla | Pricklyleaf | ||||
T. pentachaeta | parralena, fiveneedle pricklyleaf | ||||
Tragopogon | salsify, oysterplant, goat's beard | ||||
T. dubius | yellow salsify | ||||
Zinnia | |||||
Z. acerosa | white zinnia | ||||
Z. grandiflora | golden eye, plains zinnia, rocky mountain zinnia, yellow zinnia |
All photographs are my own and covered by copyright. -------------- Disclaimer: This collection is not intended as a reference document, it is my personal wildflower collection and is not a definitive tool for plant identification. While I have been as responsible as possible in the identification of the flowers in this collection, I am not a botanist and do not claim to have any particular expertise in plant identification. Before disputing an ID, be sure to check the location of the specimen. Malva sylvestris doesn't grow in the US. The photo was taken in Greece. -------------- Columns:
-------------- As of late, scientific names seem to be less stable than in the past. Understanding that there are likely hundreds of thousands of flowering plants scattered over the 57 million square miles (148 million square km) of land, it is then understandable that one plant might be 'discovered' in isolation and given different names in different regions. This consolidation has been happening for centuries now. The advent of molecular level comparison techniques is bringing about a wholesale re-organization of the world as we know it. As relationships are being better understood, species are moved from one genus to another, whole genera are moved to different families, some genera are disbanded and their species distributed to multiple genera, and family lines are redrawn. Thinking that common names are the way to go is perhaps short sighted, at best. Many common names apply to vastly differing plants with no relation to one another. Some common names are transliterations of archaic scientific names, some are based in folklore or natural medicine, and can be frankly misleading. A scientific name, no matter how frequently it has changed, leaves a trail of documentation that can be readily traced. Common names are fine if you are able to also locate and share the precise scientific name when required. In this collection, most plants are labeled as they were when posted. Sometimes the classification doesn't match the label because the photo was labeled either from an old source or recent change. It's always worth verifying. I do not, however, plan to make this list my life's work - keeping it up to date with the latest whims of taxonomy. Nope. Not happening. Now, the real question - why do I, or anyone for that matter, care about the obsessive-compulsive identification of plants? Defining our environment is a natural human trait. We're all about how big, how high, how many. On a deeper level, understanding the components of our environment help us understand what plants are good to eat, which are poisonous to livestock our ourselves. We need to know which weeds will choke out our crops, which move in to repair a damaged environment, which are representative of a balanced environment. Biodiversity is important as climates change, as they have for billenia (see what I did there?). We are stewards of our ecosystem. We observe it to understand what is changing and why it is changing. The loss of a species to extinction may be the inevitable outcome of an ever changing environment. It may also be a warning signal of systemic environmental abuse. It's important to understand the difference. -------------- This collection represents more than 45 years of wildflower photography and 60 years of wildflowers as a hobby. Enjoy it for what it is. This collection is not limited to a specific area or region. While the greatest concentration of flowers come from Oregon and Washington Cascades and west, the greater west coast down into California and over into Arizona is also represented. I do like to travel, so there are images that range across North America, as well as a few images from Iceland, Europe and SE Asia. Not every plant was captured in bloom stage. That will presumably happen at a later date, though not every blossom is worth the effort. Just sayin'... -------------- Each photo page consists of a title with the plant genus and species, a 'back' link to the main list, and small thumbnail photos of the plant. Click on the small photo to see a full screen version. Click on the title to return to the thumbnail page, click the 'back' link to return to where you were (approximately) in the list. -------------- Things I need to remember when taking wildflower pictures
-------------- No Id(ea) - here are miscellaneous collections that I can't accurately identify, for various reasons, like, defining characteristics aren't visible, etc. I keep them here just in case I learn something that allows me to move forward with identification: Delphiniums (larkspur) -------------- Equipment - over the years I've been through a number of camera and optical systems. Most of these were taken with Canon equipment - Canon 20D and 7D with EFS 17-85mm and ef 100 f/2.8 macro. Then more recently a Canon R5 with 24-102mm and an RF 100L f/2.8 macro. The oldest photos were shot with a Yashika TL-ElectroX with a 50mm lens and extension bellows. Other pieces of equipment have figured in over the years, and it's possible a shot or two included here were taken with some iteration of an iPhone. Additionally, I take advantage of the additional depth of field afforded by a small aperature and an artificial light source, especially for tiny subjects - an old Canon MR-14EX ring lite that allows me to zoom in to view the tiniest details as small as the blooms on Euphorbia maculata, that don't exceed 1mm in width. --------------- Books are frequently written off as obsolete, yet nothing compares to the random access nature of a book. Leafing through the pages it's easy to scan huge volumes of material that can quickly send you down the path to successfully identifying a specimen. Here's a list of most of the books in my collection. The beauty is that wildflower books never really go out of date - the flowers look the same as they have for the last millennia, at least. Names may change, but it's an easy extra step to identify the current nomenclature. Bibliography: Anderson, Gunnell, and Goodspeed. Wildflowers of the Mountain West. Utah State University Press. 2012. Carter, Jack L., Carter, Martha A., Stevens, Donna J. Common Southwestern Native Plants - An Identification Guide. 1st Ed. Silver City, NM. Mimbres Publishing. 2003. Craighead, John J., Craighead, Jr., Frank C. and Davis, Ray J. Field Guide Rocky Mountain Wildflowers From Northern Arizona and New Mexico to British Columbia. 1st Ed. Cambridge, MA. The Riverside Press Cambridge. 1963. Epple, Anne Orth. A Field Guide to the Plants of Arizona. Guilford, CT. Globe Pequot Press. 1995. Farrar, Jon. Field Guide to Wildflowers of Nebraska and the Great Plains. 2nd Ed. Iowa City, IA. University of Iowa Press. 2011. Ferris, Roxana S. Death Valley Wildflowers. 2nd Ed. Death Valley, CA. Death Valley Natural History Association. 1983. Fischer, Pierre C. 70 Common Cacti of the Southwest. Tucson, Az. Western National Parks Association. 1989. Hitchcock, C. Leo and Cronquist, Arthur. Flora of the Pacific Northwest, An Illustrated Manual. 3rd Ed. Seattle, WA. University of Washington Press. 1976. Hitchcock, Cronquist, Ownbey, Thompson. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Parts 1 through 6. Seattle, WA. University of Washington Press. 1969. Jensen, Edward C. and Ross, Charles R. Trees to Know in Oregon. Oregon State University Extension Service and Oregon Department of Forestry. 1994. Jepson, Willis Linn. A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California. Berkely and Los Angeles, CA. University of California Press. 1925. Jepson, Willis Linn. The Jepson Desert Manual - Vascular Plants of Southeastern California. Edited by Burce G. Baldwin, Steve Boyd, Barbara J. Ertter, Robert W. Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti, Dieter H. Wilken, Margriet Wetherwax, manging editor. Berkley, CA. University of California Press. 2002. Kirkpatrick, Zoe Merriman. Wildflowers of the Western Plains, A field Guide. Lincoln, NE. University of Nebraska Press. 1992. Kristinsson, Hörður. A Guide to the Flowering Plants & Ferns of Iceland. 2nd Ed. Reykjavik, IS. Mal Og Menning. 2005. Lamb, Susan. 100 Common Wildflowers of Central California. Tucson, AZ. Western National Parks Association. 2006. Larson, Gary E. and Johnson, James R. Plants of the Black Hills and Bear Lodge Mountains. 2nd Ed. Brookings, SD. South Dakota State University College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences. 2007. Malcolm, D. Shetland's Wild Flowers A Photographic Guide. 2nd Ed. Lerwick, Shetland. The Shetland Times Ltd. 1992. Mason, Georgia. Guide to the Plants of the Wallowa Mountains of Northeastern Oregon. Eugene, OR. Special Publication of th Museum of Natural History. University of Oregon. 1975. Orr, Robert T. and Orr, Margaret C. Wildflowers of Western America. New York, NY. Alfred A Knopf, A Chanticleer Press Edition. 1974. Peck, Morton Eaton. A Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon. 2nd Ed. Portland Oregon. Oregon State University Press. 1961. Pojar, Jim and MacKinnon, Andy. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast - Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Redmond, Wa. Lone Pine Publishing. 1994. Rickett, Harold William. Wildflowers of the United States, Volume Five Parts One and Two, The Northwestern States. New York, NY. Publication of the New York Botanical Garden. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1971. Russell, Tony. Smithsonian Nature Guide - Trees. 2nd Ed. New York, NY. Dorling Kindersley. 2012. Scott, Michael. Scottish Wild Flowers. 2nd Ed. Glasgow. HarperCollins Publishers. 2000. Shaw, Richard J. and Shaw, Marion A. Plants of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. Helena, MT. Wheelwright Publishing. 2008. Shahzade, Arthur. Wildflowers of California's Central Valley and Neighboring Sierra (including a bit of botany). Visalia, CA. updated 2004. Sisk, Robert L. and Tysdal-Sisk, Jan. Common Plants of Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Medora, ND. Theodore Roosevelt Nature and History Association. 2000. Spellenberg, Richard. Sonoran Desert Wildflowers - A Field Guide to Common Species of the Sonoran Desert, including Anza Borrego Desert State Park, Saguaro National Park, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Ironwood Forest National Monument and the Snoran Portion of Joshua Tree National Park. 1st Ed. Helena MT. Globe Pequot Press. 2003. Weber, William A. Rocky Mountain Flora. 5th Ed. Boulder, CO. Colorado Associated University Press. 1976. Welsh, Stanley L. Flowers of the Canyon Country. 3rd Ed. Salt Lake City, UT. University of Utah Press. 1986. --------------------------------- Additional resources - online tools such as
--------------------------------- if you wish to communicate with me, do so at the following email address |